![]() The increase in storm runoff, caused by urbanization through the addition of impervious surfaces, alters stream flow, morphology, temperature, and water quantity and quality. Hydrologically, urbanization creates a condition called urban stream syndrome. This deforestation significantly affects both hydrologic systems and territorial habitats. ![]() For example, over 13 million hectares of forest land are converted to agriculture, urban land use, and industrial forestry annually. Population growth places extraordinary demand for natural resources and exceptional stress on natural systems. Factors contributing to population decline include changes in the economy, low fertility rates, and catastrophic events. In fact, shrinking cities, those whose populations are declining, occur throughout the world. By 2030 there will be more than 41 megacities and 1290 smaller cities. As of 2020 there are 31 megacities, cities whose population exceeds 10 million, and 987 smaller cities whose populations are greater than 500 thousand but less than 5 million in the world. By 2050, this percentage will exceed 60%, with the majority of growth occurring in Asia and Africa. At the beginning of the 21st century more than 50% of the world’s population lived in cities.
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